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	Reproductive ecology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau endemic Gentiana straminea (Gentianaceae), a hermaphrodite perennial characterized by herkogamy and dichogamy
	Duan, YW; He, YP; Liu, JQ
	2005-05-01
发表期刊	ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
卷号	27期号:3页码:225-232
文章类型	Article
摘要	The combined occurrence of both herkogamy and dichogamy in a hermaphrodite species has been considered to strongly favour outcrossing. In this study, we investigated in detail the reproductive ecology of Gentiana straminea Maxim. (Gentianaceae), a hermaphrodite perennial endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In a series of observations and experiments over four consecutive years, we examined whether the combination of dichogamy and herkogamy in individual flowers completely prevents geitonogamous pollen transfer in this species. The mode of floral development clearly indicates that autonomous self-pollination is completely avoided through herkogamy and dichogamy in individual flowers. This implication was confirmed by the breeding experiments, since no seed was produced when flowers were isolated. However, this gentian proved to be highly self-compatible when geitonogamous selfing was artificially induced. Many flowers opened simultaneously on individual plants, the ratio of male to female phase flowers was close to 2:1 in each inflorescence, at the full anthesis phase, and they were randomly distributed amongst the upper, middle and lower parts of each stem's inflorescence. On average, Bombus sushikini Skorikov, the most frequent visitor and only legitimate pollinator of G. straminea, visited nearly two flowers per inflorescence, and four flowers per plant. Among the pollinators' foraging bouts, the proportions of geitonogamous visits to inflorescences or flowers within an individual plant were 29% and 37%, respectively. Therefore, despite the strict dichogamous and herkogamous characteristics of the individual flowers, geitonogamous selfing might still prevail in G. straininea because of the size of its floral displays and the continuous visiting behavior of B. sushkini. (C) 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.; The combined occurrence of both herkogamy and dichogamy in a hermaphrodite species has been considered to strongly favour outcrossing. In this study, we investigated in detail the reproductive ecology of Gentiana straminea Maxim. (Gentianaceae), a hermaphrodite perennial endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In a series of observations and experiments over four consecutive years, we examined whether the combination of dichogamy and herkogamy in individual flowers completely prevents geitonogamous pollen transfer in this species. The mode of floral development clearly indicates that autonomous self-pollination is completely avoided through herkogamy and dichogamy in individual flowers. This implication was confirmed by the breeding experiments, since no seed was produced when flowers were isolated. However, this gentian proved to be highly self-compatible when geitonogamous selfing was artificially induced. Many flowers opened simultaneously on individual plants, the ratio of male to female phase flowers was close to 2:1 in each inflorescence, at the full anthesis phase, and they were randomly distributed amongst the upper, middle and lower parts of each stem's inflorescence. On average, Bombus sushikini Skorikov, the most frequent visitor and only legitimate pollinator of G. straminea, visited nearly two flowers per inflorescence, and four flowers per plant. Among the pollinators' foraging bouts, the proportions of geitonogamous visits to inflorescences or flowers within an individual plant were 29% and 37%, respectively. Therefore, despite the strict dichogamous and herkogamous characteristics of the individual flowers, geitonogamous selfing might still prevail in G. straininea because of the size of its floral displays and the continuous visiting behavior of B. sushkini. (C) 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.
关键词	Breeding System Floral Display Geitonogamy Bombus Sushikini
WOS标题词	Science & Technology ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine
学科领域	生物科学
关键词[WOS]	POLLINATION ECOLOGY ; INBREEDING DEPRESSION ; GENDER VARIATION ; DISPLAY SIZE ; INTERFERENCE ; FLOWER ; PLANTS ; ALISMATACEAE ; GEITONOGAMY ; ANGIOSPERMS
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
WOS类目	Ecology
WOS记录号	WOS:000230387100009
引用统计	被引频次：40[WOS]   [WOS记录]     [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://210.75.249.4/handle/363003/1366
专题	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, NW Inst Plateau Biol, Qinghai Tibet Biol Evolut & Adaptat Lab, Xining 810001, Peoples R China 2.Lanzhou Univ, Key Lab Arid & Grassland Ecol, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China 3.Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Duan, YW,He, YP,Liu, JQ. Reproductive ecology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau endemic Gentiana straminea (Gentianaceae), a hermaphrodite perennial characterized by herkogamy and dichogamy[J]. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY,2005,27(3):225-232.
APA	Duan, YW,He, YP,&Liu, JQ.(2005).Reproductive ecology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau endemic Gentiana straminea (Gentianaceae), a hermaphrodite perennial characterized by herkogamy and dichogamy.ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY,27(3),225-232.
MLA	Duan, YW,et al."Reproductive ecology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau endemic Gentiana straminea (Gentianaceae), a hermaphrodite perennial characterized by herkogamy and dichogamy".ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 27.3(2005):225-232.

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