青藏铁路多年冻土区高寒草甸群落特征及其与环境关系

NWIPB OpenIR

	青藏铁路多年冻土区高寒草甸群落特征及其与环境关系
其他题名	Community characteristics of alpine meadow and their relationship with alpine environment in permafrost area of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Railway
	马海
学位类型	硕士
导师	陈桂琛
	2007-06-08
学位授予单位	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
学位授予地点	西北高原生物研究所
关键词	青藏铁路冻土区高寒草甸群落特征环境
摘要	本文通过对青藏铁路格唐段多年冻土区北麓河、五道梁、风火山、开心岭以及唐古拉山口北坡五处高寒草甸典型样点的51条样条，共计510个样方进行群落特征的调查，并记录相应的环境因子，包括海拔、经纬度、土壤类型，同时对样点对应的土壤样品进行元素含量分析测量，探讨了青藏铁路格唐段多年冻土区高寒草典群落特征及其与环境的关系。结果表明： 1、在整个调查区，青藏铁路冻土区高寒草甸植物群落中共出现植物131种，隶属73属，23科；其中种数最多的科为禾本科和菊科，分别为21种和16种，分别占到总种数的16.03%和12.21%；另外，莎草科为11种，占8.40%。 2、群落类型可大概分为3类：高寒草甸群落、高寒草原化草甸群落、破坏草甸次生群落类型，其中以高山嵩草草原化草甸在调查区有着最为广泛的分布，大花嵩草草原在调查区内仅分布在北麓河地区，分布范围很窄。 3、青藏铁路多年冻土区高寒草甸物种丰富度（S）和所调查的土壤因子没有明显的相关性，而物种均匀度（E）分别与全N、碱解N、速效P、全盐、有机质含量达到了显著负相关关系。 4、Shannon-Wiener指数与Simpson指数相关性系数达到0.9488（P<0.0001），为极显著正相关，说明两者在描述群落多样性时有很高的一致性；S和E都是增加群落多样性的重要因子，而群落多样性更多的受到物种丰富度（S）的影响。物种丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener都与经度、纬度成显著负相关，而物种均匀度指数和Simpson指数与经纬度没有显著相关性。 5、对植物元素分析表明，从变异系数和含量最高最低相差倍数来看，相差倍数大于10的是Fe、Co、Ca、Pb、As，其中Fe的变异系数和相差倍数都是最大的；倍数小于3的是Cu、Cr、K、Hg，其中Cr的变异系数和相差倍数都是最小的； Na，As元素对本区植物聚类的影响是最大的，本区莎草科、禾本科、菊科科内植物元素含量相似,其中莎草科和禾本科科间植物元素含量相似
其他摘要	According to the investigation of the alpine meadow ecosystem communities characteristics by the 51 transects (510 plots) of the representative permafrost regions that are Beiluhe area, Wudaoliang area, Fenghuoshan area, Kaixinling area and north slope of Tanggula Mountains Pass along the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Railway, the corresponding environmental factors, including altitude, longitude, latitude and soil types, as well as measuring the elements content of corresponding soil samples were recorded. The communities characteristics of the alpine meadow in the research area was discussed. The relationship between the communities characteristics of the alpine meadow in the permafrost area and the alpine environmental factors was also discussed. The results were summarized as follows: 1.There were 131 species, subjecting to 73 categories, 23 families in the research area of the permafrost area along the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Railway. 2.The investigated communities were divided into three types: alpine meadow, alpine steppe meadow and secondary communities from the destructive meadow. The Kobresia pygmaea steppe meadow held the most widely distribution in the research regions. 3.There was no significant correlation between the species richness and soil factors, while significant negative correlation between the species uniformity and total nitrogen, alkalescent reacting nitrogen, total salinity, and organic matter contents. 4.The species richness and Shannon-wiener indexs was significant negative correspondent with longitude and latitude while the species uniformity and Simpson index was not. 5.The results of analyzing plant element contents suggested that the plant clustering in the research area was significant influenced by the Natrium and Arsenic. The element contents of plant species of those families that were Cyperaceae, Gramineae and Compositae were similar in family, while Cyperaceae and Gramineae were similar between families.
页数	79
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://210.75.249.4/handle/363003/3136
专题	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	马海. 青藏铁路多年冻土区高寒草甸群落特征及其与环境关系[D]. 西北高原生物研究所. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,2007.

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