高原鼠兔不育控制措施对高寒草甸植被特征的作用格局

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	高原鼠兔不育控制措施对高寒草甸植被特征的作用格局
其他题名	The effects of pest management via sterilant of plateau pikas Ochotona curzoniae on vegetation characteristics of alpine meadow
	王增礼
学位类型	硕士
导师	张堰铭
	2009-06-01
学位授予单位	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
学位授予地点	西北高原生物研究所
关键词	高原鼠兔炔雌醚左炔诺孕酮 Ep-1 种群密度盖度植被高度生物多样性指数
摘要	为探讨三种不育控制措施对青藏高原高寒草甸高原鼠兔种群的影响，评估不同不育控制措施对高寒草甸植被特征的间接作用格局，进而筛选一种最有效的不育控制措施，确定高原鼠兔等小哺乳动物对高寒草甸植被和物种多样性的影响，为高寒草甸退化草地的恢复和青藏高原生物多样性的保护提供理论依据，本研究于2007年的4月采用炔雌醚、左炔诺孕酮和EP-1三种不育剂对果洛地区不同样区内的高原鼠兔进行控制。 2007年和2008年的4至8月的每月下旬，对处理及对照样区的植被特征和高原鼠兔种群密度进行调查，调查的参数有：总盖度、平均高度、立枯盖度、碎屑盖度、分物种盖度、分物种平均高度和鼠兔密度。主要研究结果和结论如下： 1）炔雌醚和EP-1两种不育控制措施能够显著降低高原鼠兔的种群密度，并且使其维持在较低的密度水平。其中炔雌醚处理样区鼠兔密度降低48.3%，效果最为显著，EP-1处理样区鼠兔密度降低18.4%，而左炔诺孕酮处理样区鼠兔密度未显著降低。 2）不育控制后的两年内，研究样区内的物种丰富度和生物多样性指数并未显著增加。 3）不育控制后的两年内，样区的植被总盖度的变化不显著，但植被平均高度显著增加，其中炔雌醚处理区植被平均高度增加9.1%，左炔诺孕酮处理区增加8.8%，EP-1处理区增加了42.4%。 4）不育控制后的两年内，样区内单子叶植物的盖度显著降低，其中炔雌醚处理区降低35.9%，左炔诺孕酮处理区降低39%，EP-1处理区降低39.2%。.样区内双子叶植物盖度变化显著，其中其中炔雌醚处理区降低6.6%，左炔诺孕酮处理区降低22.1%，EP-1处理区增加了9.3%。不育控制措施未能显著增加草地的食物资源。 5）高原鼠兔的活动能够增加高寒草地立枯植物的盖度，在一定程度上促进草地的物质循环。而不育控制措施降低了高原鼠兔的种群密度，可能会间接的减缓高寒草甸生态系统的物质循环。
其他摘要	To explore the effects of three kinds of antifertility control to plateau pikas’ population, and evaluate the indirect responses of vegetation characters of alpine meadow on the control , then select the most effective antifertility control to plateau pika and vegetation, find out the real effects of plateau pika to vegetation and species diversity and provide the academic evidence to restore the degenerated grassland and protect the biodiversity in Tibetan Plateau, we treated the plateau pikas of different study areas with quinestrol, levonorgestrel and EP-1 respectively in Guoluo area in April 2007. We investigated cover, average height of vegetation, cover of standing litters, cover of litters, cover of species, average height of species and population density of plateau pika in all the study areas from April to August in 2007 and 2008. The results are as follows: 1. Both of quinestrol and EP-1 could decrease the pikas’ population density significantly, and then maintain the population density in a lower level. The most effective one is quinestrol, decreased 48.3%, and while EP-1 decreased 18.4% .The levonorgestrel could not chang the pikas’ population density significantly. 2. The result showed that the species richness and the index of biodiversity have not increased significantly in 2007 and 2008. 3. There was no significant difference in the cover of vegetation among the 3 treatments between two yeas. While the average height of vegetation increased significantly in all treatments and that were 9.1%, 8.8% and 42.4% after the control with quinestrol, levonorgestrel and EP-1 treatment, respectively. 4. The cover of monocotyledon decreased significantly in all treatments and that were 35.9%, 39.2% and 39% after the control with quinestrol, levonorgestrel and EP-1 treatment, respectively. There was significant difference in the cover of dicotyledon among the 3 treatments between two yeas, and that were 6.6% and 22.1% decreased after the control with quinestrol and levonorgestrel, while that was 9.3% increased after the control with EP-1. The food resource of grassland has not increased significantly after all the treatments. 5. The activities of plateau pikas increased the cover of standing litters and accelerated the circulation of materials of grassland. And the antifertility control decreased the pikas’ population density, and then may slow down the circulation of materials in alpine meadow.
页数	56
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://210.75.249.4/handle/363003/3258
专题	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	王增礼. 高原鼠兔不育控制措施对高寒草甸植被特征的作用格局[D]. 西北高原生物研究所. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,2009.

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