白粉病对锡金微孔草(Microula sikkimensis)生理生化特性影响的研究

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	白粉病对锡金微孔草(Microula sikkimensis)生理生化特性影响的研究
其他题名	The studies of powdery mildew on the Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Microula sikkimensis
	包苏科
学位类型	硕士
导师	韩发
	2009-05-29
学位授予单位	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
学位授予地点	西北高原生物研究所
关键词	微孔草白粉病抗病性指标单株粒重千粒重落粒率
摘要	微孔草（Microula sikkimensis）是唇形目紫草科微孔草属两年生草本植物，是生长在青藏高原及其毗邻高寒地区的野生油料经济植物资源，其种子含油率高达40%，是获取纯天然多功能特殊油脂成分——γ-亚麻酸（GLA）的一条新途径。微孔草油具有很高的药用、保健和营养价值，其茎、叶和根等副产品具有食用和饲用等多种用途。因此，微孔草的研究与开发应用日益受到重视。在我们对微孔草引种驯化和栽培的过程中，发现微孔草生长期白粉病害发生严重，严重影响了微孔草的正常生长。为了解决微孔草特色植物资源在持续开发利用过程中存在的这一问题，我们专门从白粉病侵染微孔草的角度研究了微孔草抗病性的生理指标变化，其目的是揭示微孔草抗病能力；研究高、低海拔冷凉地区种植微孔草抗病性的生理指标变化规律，掌握微孔草的适应性特征，了解白粉病和种植微孔草产量的相关性，从而为规模化的人工种植和野生微孔草的保护提供科学依据。试验结果表明： 1、微孔草植物对白粉病具有较低的抗性通过对微孔草感染白粉病后植株根、茎和叶的抗性生理指标变化研究表明：微孔草感染白粉病后，茎部POD、CAT和 PAL活性，叶部POD活性明显上升（p<0.05）。而茎部的SOD、PPO、几丁质酶活性均没有明显差异（p>0.05）；叶部SOD、CAT、PPO、PAL、几丁质酶活性差异也不显著（p>0.05）；根部SOD、POD、CAT、PPO、PAL、几丁质酶活性染病和未染病差异不明显（p>0.05）。 2、微孔草适于在高海拔地区生长通过对高海拔和低海拔试验区微孔草叶片感染白粉病的研究结果表明：高海拔地区的微孔草叶中抗病性的生理指标普遍高于低海拔，其中由海拔因素引起的高海拔微孔草叶片SOD活性极显著高于低海拔（p<0.01）；在同一实验区白粉病对POD活性影响显著（p<0.05），且高海拔POD活性比于低海拔高；白粉病侵染对微孔草叶片CAT活性影响不大，但无论染病与否，高海拔生长的微孔草的CAT活性极明显低于低海拔的CAT活性（p<0.01）；白粉病引起的PPO、PAL活性变化只在高海拔地区表现出明显差异（p<0.05），且海拔因素和PPO活性没有相关性；在高、低海拔叶组织染病和未染病叶片几丁质酶活性变化不同，白粉病引起高海拔几丁质酶活性极显著的升高（p<0.01），海拔因素对几丁质酶活性影响不大。 3、白粉病对种植微孔草的产量有显著影响白粉病对微孔草的产量有影响，在两个实验区，轻度感染的微孔草单株粒重比重度感染的微孔草单株粒重高（p<0.05），并且相同染病程度，高海拔微孔草的单株粒重高于低海拔微孔草的单株粒重。而白粉病对同一实验区和不同实验区之间的千粒重和落粒率影响不大。
其他摘要	Microula sikkimensis is herbaceous plants of the department of Lamiaceae Boraginaceae Microula. It is an important wild plant resource of oil and economical, which wildly distributes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas. It is rich in oil (40%) in the seed, especially unsaturated fatty acids of natural and multifunctional, such as γ-linolenic acid (GLA). The seed oil of microlura sikkimensis has high medicinal, healthy and nutritional value, and the by-products of its stems, leaves and root have a variety of application, such as food and feeding. Therefore, the research and development applications of Microula sikkimensis have been paied attention to by researchers. However, we find that Microula sikkimensis can be easily infected and harmly affected by powdery mildew in the process of domestication and cultivation. In order to solve the problem of sustainable use of the characteristics resources, we studied the change of physiological and biochemical indicators in the different part of Microula sikkimensis and in the leaf at SXZ and XN. The purpose is to reveal the resistance of Microula sikkimensis and the speciality of adaptability. In the same time, we also research the correlation of powdery mildew and production of planting Microula sikkimensis. At the same time, we want to provide some scientific basis for cultivation of large-scale artificial and protection of this wild plant. The experimental results showed that: 1. Microula sikkimensis is the plant of lower resistance to powery mildew The research of physiological and biochemical indicators in the leaf, plant stem and root of Microula sikkimensis infected by powery mildew showed that: the activity of POD, CAT and PAL in the plant stem, the activity of POD、the content of MDA in the leaf and the content of MDA in the root were significantly increased(p<0.05). However, the activities of enzyme (SOD, PPO and Chitinase) in the stem, the activities of the enzyme (SOD, CAT, PPO, PAL and Chitinase) in the leaf and the activities of enzyme (SOD, POD, CAT, PPO, PAL, Chitinase) in root were no significant differences after the infection of powery mildew (p>0.05). 2. Microula sikkimensis is suitable to grow on higher attitude The research of Microula sikkimensis infected by powdery mildew at High- and Low- elevation showed that: the physiological and biochemical indicators at high elevation (SXZ) were generally higher than that at lower elevation (XN), in which the activity difference of SOD caused by the elevation is significantly different between SXZ and XN (p<0.01); The influence of powdery mildew to the POD activity was significant at the same elevation (p<0.05), and POD activity at SXZ was higher than that at XN(p> 0.05); the infection of powdery mildew did not bring significant diffenerce of CAT(p <0.05). No matter whether infected or not, the activity of CAT at SXZ was remarkably lower than that at XN; The change of PPO, PAL activity caused by powdery mildew was different between infected and non-infected leaf in SXZ (p<0.05), and there was no correlation between the activity of PPO and elevation; The Chitinase activity change was different between infected and non-infected leaf at SXZ and XN. Powdery mildew could cause significant increase in SXZ (p<0.01), however the elevation could not significantly affect the activity of Chitinase (p>0.05). 3. The interaction of powdery mildew can obviously affect the yield of Microula sikkimensis Powdery mildew could affect the yield of Microula sikkimensis. At the two experiment areas, there was obvious difference of one plant weight between the light infection and heavy infection of powdery mildew (p<0.05). At the same degree of infection, the one plant weight at the SXZ was higher than that at XN. The influence of powdery mildew on the 1000-grain weight and the drop rate was weak at the same experimental area and between the two experimental areas (p>0.05).
页数	45
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://210.75.249.4/handle/363003/3262
专题	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	包苏科. 白粉病对锡金微孔草(Microula sikkimensis)生理生化特性影响的研究[D]. 西北高原生物研究所. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,2009.

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