根田鼠对天然食物的摄取、利用及其对策

NWIPB OpenIR

	根田鼠对天然食物的摄取、利用及其对策
	胡德夫
学位类型	硕士
导师	王祖望
	1988
学位授予单位	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
学位授予地点	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
关键词	根田鼠(Microtus Oeconomus) 丰富度(Abundance) 食物资源谱(Food Spectrum) 营养谱(Trophic Spectrum) 消化率(Digestibility) 同化(Assimilation) 可利用食物(Available Food)
摘要	本项研究涉及栖息于金露梅灌丛中的根田鼠（Microtus oeconomus）生态学的三个方面：（1）根田鼠生境中的食物资源谱，（2）营养谱和（3）天然食物的利用率。在5个物候期，以样方抽样法调查生境中各资源位的盖度、生物量和频度，三项参数的相对量的加权平均值作为各资源位的相对丰富度，以镜检法分析各期雄、雌鼠胃内含物得其食性，以平衡法（枯黄后期采用灰分示踪法）测定根田鼠对天然食物的消化、同化水平。所得结果为：各资源位于各物候期的相对丰富度有变化，地上生物量随生长期进程而增加，至花果期达最大值：雄、雌鼠于各物候期的食性有差异，雌鼠对于双子叶植物、种子和根的选择较雄鼠强。各期之间的食性差异均极显著，根田鼠于各期对不同植物的选择主要取决于植物的能量、纤维素含量和水分含量。在萌动期，消化、同化率分别为：65.46%，63.09%；展叶期：53.69%，49.62%；花果期：63.54%，59.34%；枯黄前期：82.13%，79.13%；枯黄后期的消化率为:65.04%(♂)，76.55%(♀)，两者差异显著。根田鼠消化、同化率主要取决于食物中纤维素含量的高低及其在消化道中的流通速率。金露梅灌丛的净初级生产量（Pp）为12，371 * 10 Kcal/公顷/年，可利用食物（Fa）为8，674 * 10 Kcal/公顷/年，Fa/Pp比值达70.12%,根田鼠种群摄入能（C）为70.88 * 10 -132.90 * 10 Kcal/公顷/年，占可利用食物（C/Fa）的0.8-1.5%,由此得出栖息于金露梅灌丛中的根田鼠种群的食物资源是丰富的。
其他摘要	The natural food intake, utilization and strategy of root vole, Microtus oeconomus were studied at Haibei Alpine Meadow Ecosystem Research Station (Lat. 37 °29'-37 ° 45', Long, 101 ° 12'-101 ° 33' E) in Men Yuan, Qinghai Province from April, 1987 to May, 1988. The study related to three aspects: (1) the food resource spectrum: (2) trophic spectrum: and (3) the utilization effeciencies. Eleven or twelve sampling plots of 50 cm * 50 cm were chosen to study the biomass, coverage and frequency of different plant species, from which the abundance and primary net production (aboveground) of the Dasiphora fruticosa shrub were estimated. The stomach contents were analysed and the energy intake, digestibility and assimilation of root vole population were determined during the different phenophases. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The abundance of resource states change during the different phenophases. The biomass increase with growing period, and reach the peak value in flowring-fruiting period. 2. The relative density of plant species in stomach content disagree with the relative abundance in the habitat because the root vole utilized the food resource selectively, root vole tend to intake the monocotyledon in germination, with change of growing period the proportion of monocotyledon in natural food decreas, and dicotyledon increas. In particular, the female choose the amounts of dicotyledon, seeds and roots more than the male. 3. The digestibility and assimilation of root vole are 65.46%, 63.09% in germination; 53.69%, 49.62% in leaf expansion; 63.54%, 59.34% in flowring--fruiting; 82.13, 79.13% in withring-l, respectively. The digestibility of the male and female determined by ash tracer method are 65.04% (♂), 76.55% (♀) respectively, the difference are significant. 4. The primary net production (aboveground) (Pp) of Dasiphora fruticosa amounts to 12.371 * 10~3 Kcal/ha/year, and the total available food (Fa) for rootvole reaches 8.674 * 10~3 Kcal/ha/year, the ratio of Fa/Pp reaches as much as 70.12% of the primary net production, only 70.88 * 10~3-132.90 * 10~3 Kcal/ha/year, account for 0.8-1.5% of available food, are consumed by root vole population. so. the available foods in their habitat are abundant.
页数	35
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://210.75.249.4/handle/363003/3282
专题	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	胡德夫. 根田鼠对天然食物的摄取、利用及其对策[D]. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,1988.

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