高寒草甸生态系统中牲畜种群动态及其最优化利用

NWIPB OpenIR

	高寒草甸生态系统中牲畜种群动态及其最优化利用
	李义明
学位类型	硕士
导师	王祖望
	1987
学位授予单位	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
学位授予地点	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
摘要	本文研究了高寒草甸生态系统牲畜的动态和最优划利用策略。以门源马场牧场的实际数据，作为模型的一个例子。种群动态的Leslie矩阵模型考虑了存活率、繁活率和出栏率因素。种群动态模型表明，出栏率是影响种群波动的主要因子。目前，牲畜种群不合理，繁殖母畜在种群中比例偏低，种群数量不能保持平衡。用最大经济收益为目标的线性规划模型，计算出高寒草甸生态系牲畜的最优利用策略。改良羊的牧场上的主要牲畜，牦牛和马保持其数量下限,藏羊全部淘汰。改良羊的最优种群结构是：12.47％羯羔，12.47％母羔，12.37％的一岁羯羔，12.13％的一岁母羊，11.8％的二岁母羊，38.76％的成年母羊。改良羊的最优出栏方案是：出栏全部一岁羯羊和23.85％的成年母关。牦牛的最优种群结构是：14.05％犍犊，14.05％的一岁母牛，13.63％的二岁母牛，3.7％的三岁母牛，40.52％的成年母牛。牦牛的最优出栏方案是：出栏全部犍牛犊，72.47％的二岁母牛，8.73％的成年母牛。其中，改良羊的最优出栏方案与表海省现行的畜牧业管理政策不同，它也不同于董全等（1984）提出的藏羊优化出栏方案。按照线性规划模型方案经营，其经济收益比1986年的经济收益（已转化为不变价格）提出64.59％，并减轻了冬春草场上牲畜的过多采良。
其他摘要	Dynamics and optimal exploitation strategies were studied for livestock populations in apline meadow ecosystem. Empirical data on MenYuan Horse Farm grazingland, QingHai, China, were used as an example of models. Survival rate, breeding rate and slaughter rate were considered in Leslie matrix models of population dynamics. Dynamic models for livestock populations indicate that slaughter rate is main factor afecting the population fluctuation. At present, the population age-sex distribution of livestocks is not rationally controlled for economic benefit and ecological efficiency. The percentage of breed livestock in its population is low. And amount of livestocks is not maintained in equilibrium state. Using linear programming model the objective of which is to maximize economic revenue, the optimal exploitation trategies were stimatted for livestock populations in alpine meadow ecosystem. Mixed sheep is principal ingredient of livestock populations in the grazingland. Amount of yak and horse are kept at quantitative lower limit. Tibetan sheep is totally eliminated. The optimal distribution of mixed sheep population before slaughtered is: 12.47% six month wethers, 12.47% six month ewes, 12.37% one year wethers, 12.13% one year ewes, 11.8% two year ewes, 38.76% adult ewes. The optimal slaughter program of mixed sheep is: 100% one year wethers, and 23.85% adult ewes. The optimal distribution of yak population before slaughtered is: 14.05% six month steers, 14.05% six month cows, 14.05% one year cows, 13.63% two year cows, 3.7% three year cows, 40.52% adult cows. The optimal slaughter program of yak population is: 100% six month steers, 72.47% two year cows, 8.73% adult cows. Among them, the optimal slaughter program of mixed sheep population differs from the stock farming anagement policies in QingHai province at present, and also from the optimal slaughter program of Tibetan sheep population that DongQuan (1984) studied. According to this program to manage the grazingland, the exonomic revenue per yer of MenYuan Horse Farm grazingland is 164.59% as large as it was in 1986. And this program can lighten over intakes of livestock populations at the grazingland in winter and spring.
页数	24
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://210.75.249.4/handle/363003/3286
专题	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	李义明. 高寒草甸生态系统中牲畜种群动态及其最优化利用[D]. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,1987.

条目包含的文件
文件名称/大小	文献类型	版本类型	开放类型	使用许可
20170816李义明=.pdf（1381KB）	学位论文		开放获取	CC BY-NC-SA	请求全文