半散放斑头雁种群中等级制及其对繁殖的调控

NWIPB OpenIR

	半散放斑头雁种群中等级制及其对繁殖的调控
	高军; 高军
学位类型	硕士
导师	李德浩
	1990-04
学位授予单位	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
学位授予地点	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
学位专业	动物学
关键词	斑头雁侵略行为等级制配偶制繁殖行为统治优势配偶外交配繁殖成功
摘要	本文研究的对象为一群半饲养状态下集群性生活的斑头雁（Anser indicus) 。侵略行为是集群动物常见的社群行为，等级在集群生活的动物群体中具有普遍性。我们主要根据社群单位（或个体）在侵略行为中“能否取胜及其频度”来确定它们的等级。研究发现：1．雄性的统治优势高于雌性，配对体高于单个个体，新来个体的等级最低，配对体内部无统治关系；2．等级制在群体中具有重要作用，它控制着食物的分配，等级高的社群单位优先进食；3．等级制对繁殖的各个过程具有重要的作用，高等级的社群单位在配对过程中，配偶数随着等级的增高而增多；交配次数多，并对低等级社群单位的交配行为进行干扰；进行配偶外交配；在占巢过程中由于处于有利的地位而占据更为合适的巢；产卵数多于低等级等等。总之，高等级的社群单位（或个体）在繁殖过程中处于有利地位，它通过对繁殖过程一系列环节的作用而提高其繁殖成功；4．根据繁殖行为的多少（本文指求偶，配对，交配，占巢，产卵，孵化等），将群体分为繁殖阶层和非繁殖阶层，繁殖阶层的等级高于非繁殖阶层。在繁殖阶层中，高等级的社群单位表现出较多的繁殖行为，繁殖成功也越大，繁殖出的越多；在非繁殖阶层中，社群单位表现出的繁殖行为很少；并且不繁殖后代；5．由于侵略行为的强弱具有一定的遗传性，因而，等级制逐渐淘汰掉攻击性弱的个体，使群体向攻击性增强的方向发展，从而提高了种群生存素质。
其他摘要	In a flock of semi-nature-condition living bar-headed geese (Anser indicus), the aggressive behavior, dominance, dominance hierarchy, and their relationships with reproductive behavior were studied in the northwest of Qinghai Lake during March to September 1989. 1. Male's dominance was higher than female's, pair's higher than single's. There was no dominance relationships within pairs. The rank of new individuals was the lowest. 2. Allocation of food was controled by dominance hierarchy, the social units of high rank were prior to feed. 3. Dominance hierarchy was very important to links in reproduction. Based on promoting rank, the social units of higher pair's rank will have more mates and number of copulation, extrapair copulation, interfering copulation of low rank, abtaining better nest and laying more eggs. In short, social units of high rank made high reproductive success by way of controlling links of reproduction. 4. According to the number of reproductive hierachy, the units consist of reproductive class (RC) and non-reproductive class (NRC), social units with more reproductive behavior were called RC, and those with less were called NRC. The rank of RC was higher than NRC. In RC, breeding behavior of the social unit with high rank is more than that with low rank, NRC has no filial generation. 5. Because of the heredity of aggression, the social unit having low aggression was eliminated by dominance hierarchy. Thus it makes the flock evolring aggressive behavior stronger and stronger, promoting its ability to survival.
页数	28
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://210.75.249.4/handle/363003/3294
专题	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	高军,高军. 半散放斑头雁种群中等级制及其对繁殖的调控[D]. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,1990.

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20170724高军.pdf（1535KB）	学位论文		开放获取	CC BY-NC-SA	请求全文