青海湖南岸--青海南山北坡的植被与环境梯度

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	青海湖南岸--青海南山北坡的植被与环境梯度
	淮虎银
学位类型	硕士
导师	周立华
	1991
学位授予单位	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
学位授予地点	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
学位专业	植物学
关键词	青海湖南岸--青海南山北坡梯度分析环境梯度钟型分布不规则分布
摘要	本文利用梯度分析方法对青海湖南岸--青海南山北坡的植被与环境梯度之间的相互关系进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明：1.研究地区主要有温性草原、高寒草甸和高寒灌丛三大植被类型。温性草原主要分布在东段湖滨平原上；高寒灌丛主要分布在山地一定海拔范围内（3400--3700米）；高寒草甸分布范围比较大，在高寒灌丛分布的上下限以外的山地和西段湖滨平原上均有分布。2.梯度分析的结果表明，群落中大部分优势种随海拔梯度呈近似的“钟型”分布，环境中水热条件及其组合状况对它们的分布起主导作用，上壤基质，放牧践踏对某些植物的分布也有一定程度的影响；而伴生种一般情况下都呈不规则分布。与环境特点相适应，植物的形态结构亦发生了一系列适应性变化。3.根据影响群落α多样性、β多样性和植物群落盖度的主要环境因素在不同地段的变化情况，可将整个垂直剖面划分为低（3200--3400米）、中（3400--3700米）和高（3700米以上）三个地段。4.群落生态优势与群落内植物种群数成负相关。群落生态优势度随海拔梯度也呈现出一定的变化规律：在整个剖面的中间地段（3400--3700米），群落生态优势度最小；在较低（3200--3400米）和较高地段（3700米以上）群落生态优势度都比较小。5.湖水退缩后，湖南岸东、西地段湖滨平原上具有不同的植被演替系列。群落生态优势度基本上符合朝演替顶极群落方向逐渐减小的原则。6.适度放牧有利于某柴植物群落的发育，所以应提倡合理放牧，以维持植被的最大覆盖度。
其他摘要	Qinghai Lake is a closed-drainage lake located at 3194m above sea level in an active tectonuc basin near the north-west corner of the Tibet-Qinghai plateau in central China, it covers 4635km. The relationships between the vegetation and environmental gradient from the south shore of Qinghai Lake to the north slope of Qinghainanshan are studyed by using gradient analysis. The result shows: 1. There are three main vegetation types in studyed area, they are warm stepp, alpine meadow and alpine shrud. The warm steppe is distributed mainly on the east part of the shore; the alpine shrub is distributed between 3400-3700m above sea level; the alpine meadow is distributed widely in the west part, there are also have alpine meadow on the east part. 2. The results of gradient analysis show: the shapes of most dominant species response curves to altitudinal gradient are "bell-shaped", the distributions of dominant species are mostly affected by water and heat condition and their combination in the enviroment, sometimes soil texture and grazing (trampling) also have some effections on their distributions; generally the distributions of companion species are irregular. In accordance with the environmental, the morphology and structure of plants have had lots of changes. 3. According to variations of the factors which affect α diversity, β diversity and coverage of community, we can devide the whole transect into three parts, i.e. low (3200-3400m), middle (3400-3700m) and high (above 3700m). 4. The dominance of community is related negatively to the numbers of species population in community. In this area the dominance of community is the smallest between 3400-3700m in whole transect and relatively bigger between 3200-3400m and above 3700m. 5. There are different succession series after lake water evacuted On the east and west parts of the south shore of Qinghai Lake. The dominances of communities decrease towards the succession climax. 6. Reasonable grazing has some advantages on the developments of some plant communities, so we should promote reasonable grazing that can maintain the biggest coverage of vegetation.
页数	44
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://210.75.249.4/handle/363003/3312
专题	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	淮虎银. 青海湖南岸--青海南山北坡的植被与环境梯度[D]. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,1991.

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