中国鼠兔亚属（Subgenus Ochotona）的修订及其种系发生的探讨

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	中国鼠兔亚属（Subgenus Ochotona）的修订及其种系发生的探讨
	于宁
学位类型	硕士
导师	郑昌琳
	1991
学位授予单位	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
学位授予地点	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
学位专业	动物学
关键词	鼠兔分类订正种系发生分支图
摘要	鼠兔隶属于兔形目鼠兔科，现生种类为一单型属。鼠兔是分类研究中比较复杂而又较难解决的一个类群，故关于鼠兔属的订正文章也不少。本次根据原始文献，查对了国内鼠兔的模式标本、地模标本及各单位收藏全国各地的鼠兔标本，在前人工作的基础上，通过形态学的比较和统计学处理，确定全世界鼠兔共25种。对国内外颇有争议的努布拉鼠兔Ochotona nubrica和黄河鼠兔O. huangensis的分类地位进行了认真全面的比较研究，确定了它们种的分类地位，此外对其他种或亚种作了分类评议。由于资料不足，仅对大耳鼠兔O. macrotis和灰鼠兔O. roylei的分类问题提出建议，还有待于进一步的研究。另外对达乌尔鼠兔我国亚种新记录作了记述。在前述修订工作的基础上，对Ochotona亚属的种系发生作了初步探讨。通过对该亚属主要产于我国的14种的形态特征进行分析、对比，找出了22个具有种系发生意义的性状，并用国内学者尚未采用的N的最小算法算出了支序图，确定了鼠兔亚属14个种的种间亲缘关系。从分支图可见，O. macrotis、O. roylei、O. himalayana和O. iliensis 这些栖于海拔较高地带砾石环境的种类构成一姐妹群，表明它们的亲缘关系较近；栖于森林 - 灌丛地带的种类构成另一姐妹群，其中，O. thomasi、O. cansus、O. thibetana 和O. huangensis 之间的关系比O. forresti 和O. gaoligongensis 更近。O. nubrica与O. forresti 和O. gaoligongensis 构成的姐妹群的关系比O. thomasi、O. cansus、O. thibetana 和O. huangensis 构成的姐妹群关系更近。O. koslowi、O. curzoniae、O. daurica 在支序图中分支较早，显然是较为原始的种类。据分支图及国内已有的化石和地史资料，对本亚属的演化作了初步分析推测。由于青藏高原的抬升，气候逐渐向干冷方向发展，第四纪冰期形成了许多山岳冰川，而间冰期时流水侵蚀十分活跃，高原上各大河流均强烈下切，形成高山深谷，于是形成了许多阻限，使鼠兔居群隔离，从而形成许多物种。当阻限消失后，则造成近缘种的同域分布。诸如黄河鼠兔在陕西太白山和川西北与西藏鼠兔同域；在青海循化和甘肃南部与甘肃鼠兔同域；托氏鼠兔与甘肃鼠兔在祁连山地同域等。
其他摘要	The Subgenus Ochotona of China is revised using morphological and numerical techniques based on 37 craniometric measurements. As a result of this revision 14 extant species are recognized: O. Koslowi, O. curzoniae, O. daurica, O. macrotis, O. roylei, O. himalayana, O. iliensis, O. gaoligongensis, O. forresti, O. nubrica, O. huangensis, O. thibetana, O. cansus, O. thomasi. The taxonomic notes are given to each species with its original reference, synonymies, distribution and basical statistics for the 37 craniometric measurements, respectively. Probably because the problems are numerous, the genus Ochotona have been the subject of many revisions. A comparison of five most recent revisions is given in Table 1. Two groups of Subgenus Ochotona are not clear in taxonomy. The first group is perhaps more complex and confused group which contains 13 synonymized names: thibetana, cansus, thomasi, forresti, osgoodi, huangensis, syrinx, morosa, xunhuaensis, nubrica, aliensis, lhasaensis and lama. O. thibetana and O. thomasi are most commonly recognized as independant species and we incline to this. The remained 11 mames are recognized as 4 species: O. cansus, O. forresti, O. huangensis and O. nubrica. O. cansus is similar to O. thibetana in coloration but the skull of the former is generally smaller than that of O. thibetana, especially in the zygomatic width and braincase length. O. osgoodi is a synonomy of O. forresti based on original discription. O. syrinx and O. t. xunhuaensis is placed in synonomy with O. huangensis on the basis of original discription and topotypes. The division between O. huangensis and O. thibetana is often based on significant differences in skull shape as well as in coloration but their close relationship is noted. The topotypes of morosa display the skull shape and pelage color typical of O. thibetana. O. lama, O. t. aliensis and O. t. lhasaensis are synonomies of O. nubrica, separated from O. thibetana based on larger size and coloration. This fuestioned taxon also shows the difference from allied species using scattergram and a general description is given for the later two species (O. nubrica and O. huangensis). The second group contains O. macrotis and O. roylei with their taxonomic status questionable. Owing to lacking more data and specimens, some suggestions can be given merely about their subspecies. A cladogram is presented and phylogenetic relationships among species are discussed. For comparing the morphological characters of 14 species in China, 22 characters are chosen. Using the ontogenetic rule as well as in-group comparison to polarize the characters, Plesiomorphic and apomorphic are inferred. The Nelson's mininum mode is used for reconstructing the cladgram to show the phylogenetic relationships among the species. O. macrotis, O. roylei, O. iliensis and O. himalayana which are obligate rock-dwellers form a monophyletic group and O. nubrica, O. gaoligongensis, O. forresti, O. huangensis, O. thibetana, O. cansus and O. thomasi which are forrest-shrub-dwellers form another one. These two are a couple of sister-groups. It indicates that there are closer relationships among the obligate rock-dwellers while forrest-shrub-dweller is the closest in the relationship. O. koslowi, O. curzoniae, O. daurica are more primitive. From the fossil records it can be infered that Bellatona could be in or quite near the line leading to Ochotona. The earliest occurance of Ochotona recorded seems to be the latest Middle Miocene in central Asia. With the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, rivers cut down from the surface of the plateau and the climate became cold and dry then glaciers had well developed during Quaternary Period. After the dissection of the landforms in the Middle Pleistocene, the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau was characterized by high mountains and deep valleys. The deep valleys, climate changes and glaciers form many barries which isolated the populations of pikas, thus many species formed, which make up forrest-shrub-dewell and rock-dewell types. When the barries disapear the allied species have a sympatric distribution, such as, O. huangensis and O. thibetana sympatric in Taibai Mountain (Qingling Mts.), Shansi and the Mountains of Northwestern Sichuan, O. thomasi and O. cansus sympatric in Qilian Mountains, O. huangensis and O. cansus sympatric in Xunhua, Qinghai, and southern Gansu.
页数	93
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://210.75.249.4/handle/363003/3314
专题	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	于宁. 中国鼠兔亚属（Subgenus Ochotona）的修订及其种系发生的探讨[D]. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,1991.

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