青海湖周地区九种嵩草营养器官的显微、超微结构及其对环境适应性的研究

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	青海湖周地区九种嵩草营养器官的显微、超微结构及其对环境适应性的研究
	贾晓红
学位类型	硕士
导师	王为义
	1992
学位授予单位	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
学位授予地点	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
学位专业	生物学科植物学专业
关键词	青海湖地区嵩草显微结构超微结构高寒草甸
摘要	对青海湖周地区九种嵩草植物做了表皮刮片、扫描电镜（叶和气生茎）和显微结构的观察，同时还进行了三个种从海拔3260米到3979米分布梯度上的显微结构、两个种从海拔3360米到4050米分布梯度上的超微结构的差异性研究、探讨。发现植株矮小、叶细小、气孔分布于下表皮、气孔密度高、叶和气生茎表皮细胞小、外壁强烈栓质化加厚并覆有角质膜，同化组织胞间隙发达、分化不明显、栅栏组织（叶中）发达、机械组织和通气组织发达、淀粉粒、单宁囊和硅质砂细胞普遍存在等是嵩草属植物对高山恶劣气候环境的适应性特征。随着海拔的升高，叶片厚度、表皮细胞外切向壁的加厚程度、同化组织的分化程度、叶中栅栏组织的发达程度、根中输导组织和地上部分机械组织的发达程度均有所下降，而气生茎中的同化组织、地上部分的维管系统和输导组织、地下部分的机械组织，以及气腔和根茎中的横向输导组织均趋于发达。同时，细胞中的叶绿体和线粒体等细胞器的变态程度增大，甚至外膜破裂消失；内质网和高尔基器液泡化，其含量减少，结构也趋于简化，蛋白质含量在根茎中趋于下降，在叶中则有所上升。
其他摘要	The stem and leaf of nine species of Kobresia grown around QingHai Lake were examined by scrapting, scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Differences of microstructures of three species grown in the area from 3260 to 3970 metres and ultrastructures of two species distributed in the area, were studied, too. The adaptive features and structures of Kobresia to the alpine environment were expressed as follows: Short and small plant body, fine and short leaves, stomata distributed on lower epidermis of leaves, higher density of stomata, smaller epidermal cells of leaves and stems and conspicuously suberized outer periclinal walls covered by cuticle, differentiated unobviously assimilatory tissues, and developed intercellular space, mechanical tissues and aerenchyma. Starch grain, tanin sac and silica-grite cells distribute generally in leaves and stems. In addition, with altitude changes from low to high, the thickness of outer periclinal wall of epidermal cells on leaves and stems, the differential degree of assimilatory tissues, the development degree of palisade tissues in leaves and of the transfusion tissues in roots and the mechanical tissues in leaves and stems were reduced. The development degree of assimilatory tissues in stems, the vascular tissues and transfusion tissues in leaves and stems, mechanical tissues in roots and rhizomes, transverse transfusion tissues in rhizomes and the cylinder in all of the vegetative organs were increased. More over, the chloroplasts and mitochondria deformed obviously, and even damaged. Endoplasmic reticulum and golgiosome inflated, their content in single cell reduced and structure became simpler. But protein content in single cell increased in roots, reduced in roots.
页数	39
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://210.75.249.4/handle/363003/3318
专题	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	贾晓红. 青海湖周地区九种嵩草营养器官的显微、超微结构及其对环境适应性的研究[D]. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,1992.

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