田鼠亚科啮齿动物种群系统调节理论的实验研究：捕食风险对根田鼠Microtus oeconomus繁殖和行为作用的格局

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	田鼠亚科啮齿动物种群系统调节理论的实验研究：捕食风险对根田鼠Microtus oeconomus繁殖和行为作用的格局
	王振龙
学位类型	硕士
导师	刘季科
	1998
学位授予单位	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
学位授予地点	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
学位专业	动物生态学
关键词	捕食风险根田鼠繁殖婚配行为繁殖抑制繁殖迟滞觅食行为泛化捕食者特化捕食者
摘要	本文在实验室条件下，采用银狐（Vulpes fulvus）及艾虎（Mustila eversmanni）气味模拟根田鼠（Microtus oeconomus）种群波动中的高捕食风险环境，测定捕食风险对根田鼠繁殖行为，觅食行为和性激素水平的影响。检验的假设为，捕食风险能直接改变田鼠的繁殖特征，降低其繁殖和觅食活动，间接地降低田鼠的营养和性激素水平，使之产生繁殖抑制和繁殖迟滞。研究结果表明，在银狐气味及艾虎气味的高捕食风险作用下，根田鼠婚配行为的发生概率显著地降低（Pearson's x~2 with Yates, P < 0.01）；具有婚配行为的极少数个体，其交配动作序列亦不完整。在高捕食风险条件下，根田鼠主要选择处理效率高的食物顼目；但其24小时摄入的总能量和体重则有降低。高捕食风险对雌性根田鼠的胎仔重量（P < 0.01）及雄性根田鼠的精子计数（P < 0.01）具有极显著的抑制作用。在高捕食风险作用条件下，雄性根田鼠睾酮水平无显著变化（P > 0.05），而雌性根田鼠孕酮水平显著（P < 0.05）增高。在两种捕食气味的影响下，根田鼠的繁殖行为，觅食行为及性激素水平的改变导致其产生繁殖抑制和繁殖迟滞。本文揭示出的泛化捕食者及特化捕食者对中亚青藏高原地区田鼠亚科啮齿动物繁殖和行为作用的模式，有助于对其种群调节机制的探讨。
其他摘要	The effects of silver fox (Vulpes fulvus) and masked fitch (Mustila eversmanni) on mating behavior, foraging behavior and content of sexual hormone in the serum for root voles (Microtus oeconomus) were measured in this thesis by using the fox odor and the fitch odor to simulate high predation risk for fluctuating population of the voles. The specific hypothesis tested is that predation risk can change the reproductive characters, directly decrease the activities of breeding and foraging in microtine, indirectly inhibit the nutrition intake and the content of sexual hormone, consequently, predation risk suppressed and delayed breeding of microtine. The results of this thesis are as follows: Probability of mating behavior for the voles is decreased significantly (Pearson's x~2 with Yates P < 0.01) under high predation risk of the fox and the fitch, furthermore, mating individuals are few and their copulatory series are not completed either. The voles selected the food items by the rank of handling efficiency (E/h) under predation risk. However, the intake of total energy within 24 hrs. and body weight are decreased. Litter weight (P < 0.01) of female voles and sperm counts (P < 0.01) of male voles were decreased under predation risk. Content of testosterone (P > 0.05) in the serum of male voles varied insignificantly, content of progesterone (P < 0.05) in the serum of female voles increased significantly under predation risk. The suppressed breeding and delayed breeding are resulted from changes of mating behavior, foraging behavior and content of sexual hormone in the serum of root voles under predation risk. This thesis suggested that the patterns of effects of generalist predators and specialist predators on the reproduction and behavior for microtine rodents in Qinghai-Tibet plateau is contributed to approaching on mechanism of their population regulation.
页数	66
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://210.75.249.4/handle/363003/3374
专题	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	王振龙. 田鼠亚科啮齿动物种群系统调节理论的实验研究：捕食风险对根田鼠Microtus oeconomus繁殖和行为作用的格局[D]. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,1998.

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