小哺乳动物氧传递物质对低氧的应答

NWIPB OpenIR

	小哺乳动物氧传递物质对低氧的应答
	陈志
学位类型	博士
导师	杜继曾
	1998
学位授予单位	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
学位授予地点	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
学位专业	动物学
摘要	本文比较了平原引入高原的子代Wistar大白鼠、青藏高原土著动物--高原鼠兔（Ochotona curzoniae）、栖居青藏高原的根田鼠（Microtus oeconomus）在模拟中度（5000 m）和极度（8000 m）高原低氧及不同时相下，低氧对机体以下几个方面的生理作用规律：1. 动物血象的变化 2. 血红蛋白各带的含量变化 3. 血红蛋白亚基分离与分析 4. 动物肌红蛋白的变化 5. 肌红蛋白的分离与分析 6. 动物的库血中红细胞ATP、2，3-DPG含量的变化 7. 动物骨骼肌、心肌组织中的LDH活性变化 8. 动物血中脂含量的变化本文结果与结论如下：1. 低氧对动物血象的影响引入高原子代大白鼠、高原鼠兔和根田鼠血液中知红蛋白含量、血容比和红细胞数在低氧下随海拔高度的升高和时间的延长而显著升高。高原鼠兔的血容比小，高原鼠兔和根田鼠的红细胞体积小。它们血液中的血红蛋白含量亦低（约8-9g/dl blood）。由此表明，这些高山动物在低氧下亦表现出不同程度的红细胞增多现象。高山动物耐低氧能力比平原动物强，高原鼠兔耐低氧能力比根田鼠强。2. 低氧下血红蛋白各带电泳的变化大白鼠血红蛋白聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳共5条带，在海拔8000 m，25 d时其Hb B带百分比含量显著升高（P < 0.05）。其余带均无差异（P > 0.05）；高原鼠兔电泳带为2-4条，具多态性，2条带出现频率为1.59%，3条带出现频率为3.71%，4条带出现频率为95.34%，在低氧下其带的百分含量无差异（P > 0.05）；根田鼠电泳带为两带，在低氧下其百分比含量均无差异（P > 0.05）。动物血红蛋白存在多种成分，可能有的与生于是功能相关。大白鼠Hb B带百分含量的增高（p < 0.05），可能与低氧环境大鼠氧传递功能相关。3. 血红蛋白亚基分离与分析高原鼠兔血红蛋白分子量为43300道尔顿，其两条慢迁移带中α、β链N-末端基均为Val。而大多数哺乳动物血红蛋白的α与β链N-末端基不同，α链N-末端基为ArgβN- His。4. 低氧对动物肌红蛋白的影响 5. 肌红蛋白的分离与分析高原鼠兔骨红蛋白分子量为18000道尔顿，其N-末端基为Gly。与大多数哺乳动物的N-末端基相同。6. 低氧对动物的血中红细胞ATP、2，3-DPG含量的影响高原鼠兔红细胞中ATP、含量的基础值比大白鼠的高约两倍，在低氧下高原鼠兔红细胞中ATP含量无差异（P > 0.05）；大白鼠红细胞中ATP含量在低氧1 d，海拔8000 m下显著降低（P > 0.01），在10和25 d时显著升高。高原鼠兔红细胞中2，3-二磷酸甘油酸（2，3-DPG）的基础值比大白鼠高。在急性和亚急性5000 m低氧下，其含量升高（P > 0.05）；在15 d后降低，与对照组无差异（P > 0.05）；在急性、亚急性及慢性极度度低氧8000 m下，其含量显著升高。大白鼠在低氧5000 m下，2，3-DPG显著升高；在8000 m下1 d时其含量显著升高（P > 0.01），而在亚急性5至10 d降至与对照组无差异，在15 d后显著减低（P > 0.01）。由此可见，2，3-DPG在动物低氧习服与适应中有重要的生理学意义，高原鼠兔是青藏高原土著动物，它与南美的驼笠动物有不同的进化历程，故在低氧适应中表现出不同的生理应答。7. 低氧对动物的骨骼肌、心肌组织中的LDH活性影响高原鼠兔、根田鼠和大白鼠暴露于中度低氧（5000 m）和极度度低氧（8000 m）下，1至25 d中它们的骨骼肌和心肌中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）均无差异（P > 0.05），根田鼠骨骼肌中LDH的活性最高，大鼠的最低；而心肌中高原鼠兔的LDH活性最高。三种动物中骨骼肌中LDH均比心肌高。结果表明，动物骨骼肌和心肌LDH活性不受低氧的影响，这可能与低氧下动物组织能量代谢状况相关；高山动物LDH活性较高可能与动物低氧适应有关。
其他摘要	Experiments were performed on the filial generations of Wistar rat introduced in the plateau of Xining, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau native pika (Ochotona curzoniae), and vole root (Microtus oeconomus). Several physiological functions of them were investigated during stimulated altitude of 2300, 5000, and 8000 m for 1, 5, 10, 15, 25 d. 1. The effects of hypoxia on the hematocrits of rat, pika, and vole root 2. The effects of hypoxia on the components of rat, pika, and vole root hemoglobin 3. The separation and analyses of α,β chain of pika hemoglobin 4. The effects of hypoxia on the contents of myoglobin of rat, pika, and vole root skeletal muscle and heart muscle 5. The separation and analyses of pika myoglobin 6. The effects of hypoxia on the content of red cell ATP, 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate of rat, pika, and vole root 7. The effects of hypoxia on the activity of LDH of rat, pika, and vole root skeletal muscle and heart muscle 8. The effects of hypoxia on the concentrations of lipids of rat, pika, and vole root plasma The main results and conclutions were as following: 1. The effects of hypoxia on the hematocrits of rat, pika, and vole root The content of hemoglobins, hematocrit ratios, and red cell numbers of rat, pika, and, vole root markedly increased during exposure to hypoxia. The increases correlated with exposed altitude and time. The hematocrit ratio of pika was low. The red cell volume of pika and vole root were small, and the concentration of hemoglobin were low(about 8-9 g/dl blood). These experiments indicated that the increase of hematocrit ratio, hemoglobin concentration, and red cell number in rat, pika, and vole root exposed to hypoxia were similiar to these of others. 2. The effects of hypoxia on the components of rat, pika, and vole root hemoglobin There were five components of in rat hemoglobin. The Hb B component of hemoglobin was obviously increased during exposed to an altitude of 8000 m for 25 d(P<0.05). There were two to four components of pika and two components of vole root hemoglobins by disc electrophoresis. There were no changes in the components of pika and vole root hemoglobins. 3. The isolation and characterization of α, β chains of pika hemoglobin The molecular weight of pika hemoglobin was 63300 daltons, and the N-terminal residue of α, β chains all were valine. 4. The effects of hypoxia on the contents of myoglobin of rat, pika, and vole root skeletal muscle and heart muscle. The myoglobins of skeletal muscle and heart muscle of rat, pika, and vole root increased during hypoxia. The base value of myoglobins in the muscles of plateau animals were higher than that of lowland animals. The content of skeletal muscle myoglobin was high than that of heart muscle. It suggested that the myoglobin play an important role in acclimatization and adaptation to hypoxia. 5. The isolation and characterization of pika myoglobin The molecular weight of pika myoglobin was 18000 daltons, and it's N-terminal residue was glycine. 6. The effects of hypoxia on the content of red cell ATP,2,3-diphosphoglycerate of rat, pika, and vole root The concentration of ATP in the red cell of pika was higher than that of rat. There were no changes in the concentration of ATP in pika red cell. The concentration of ATP in the red cell of rat decreased during exposure to an altitude of 8000 m for 1 d (P < 0.01), and markedly increased during 10 to 25 d. The concentration of 2, 3-DPG in the red cell of pika obviously increased during exposure to an altitude of 8000 m for 1 to 25 d, and obviously increased during exposure to an altitude of 5000 m for 1 to 10 d, and returned to the level of control group after exposure to an altitude of 5000 m for 15 d (P > 0.05). The concentration of 2, 3-DPG in the red cell of rat obviously increased during exposure to an altitude of 5000 m for 1 to 25 d, and obviously increased during exposure to an altitude of 8000 m for 1 d, and returned to the level of control group during exposure to an altitude of 8000 m for 5 to 10 d, and obviously decreased during exposure to an altitude of 8000 m for 15 to 25 d. It indicated that 2,3-DPG has very important physilogical significance in acclimatization and adaptation for native high-altitude animal--pika and lowland animal--rat. 7. The effects of hypoxia on the activity of LDH of rat, pika, and vole root skeletal muscle and heart muscle There were no changes in the activity of LDH of skeletal muscle and heart muscle in pika, rat, and vole root exposed to altitudes of 5000, and 8000 m for 1 to 25 d. It indicated that the activity of LDH of skeletal and heart muscle in pika, rat, and vole root were not affected by hypoxia. 8. The effects of hypoxia on the concentrations of lipids of rat, pika, and vole root plasma. The concentration of triglyceride in rat plasma markedly decreased during exposure to an altitude of 5000 m for 5-10 d (P < 0.01), and markedly increased during exposure to an altitude of 5000 m for 5 d (P < 0.001). The concentration of triglyceride in rat plasma markedly increased during exposure to an altitude of 8000 m for 1 d (P < 0.001), and markedly decreased for 5 to 10 d (P < 0.05), and markedly increased for 15 to 25 d (P < 0.05). The concentration of triglyceride in pika, and vole root plasma markedly increased during exposure to an altitude of 8000 m for 1 d (P < 0.05). The concentration of triglyceride in pika, and vole root plasma increased to the level of control group during exposure to an altitude of 5000 m for 10 to 15 d (P > 0.05). The concentration of cholesterol in the plasma markedly increased during exposure to an altitude of 8000 m for 1 d (P < 0.05). The concentration of cholesterol in the plasma markedly decreased during exposure to altitudes of 5000, and 8000 m for 10 d (P < 0.05), and markedly decreased during exposure to an altitude of 5000 m for 15 d (P<0.05). There were no changes the concentration of cholesterol in the pika and vole root plasma during exposure to altitudes of 5000, and 8000 m for 1 to 25 d (P > 0.05). There were no changes the concentration of HDL-C in pika during exposure to altitudes of 5000, and 8000 m for 1 to 25 d (P > 0.05). The concentration of HDL-C in rat plasma markedly decreased during exposure to an altitude of 8000 m for 25 d (P < 0.05). It suggested that 1) rat exposed to acute serverly hypoxia, the utilization of tissue triglyceride was inhibited. During rat exposed to hypoxia for 5-10 d, the intake of food reduced obviously, and hypoxia stimulated the release of NE and E. The lipolysis of triglyceride is increased by NE and E. the triglyceride decreased. Under chronic hypoxia condition, the intake of food and the uptake of triglyceride gradually increased, the utilization of triglyceride was inhibited and it was accumulated in the blood. 2) during hypoxia, native high-altitude animal has high ability of utilizing lipid, 3) during rat exposed to an altitude of 8000 m for acute hypoxia, the utilazation of cholesterol was low and NE, and E stimulated the increase of lipolysis of triglyceride, so that the cholesterol of plasma accumulated. During exposure to hypoxia for 5-10 d, the glycerol in the plasma were decreased resulted from the low intake of food. The rise of cholesterol of rat was resulted from increasing the intake of food and decreasing the utilization. During hypoxia, the metabolic ability of native animal is high.
页数	78
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://210.75.249.4/handle/363003/3380
专题	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	陈志. 小哺乳动物氧传递物质对低氧的应答[D]. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,1998.

条目包含的文件
文件名称/大小	文献类型	版本类型	开放类型	使用许可
20170807陈志.pdf（3880KB）	学位论文		开放获取	CC BY-NC-SA	请求全文