高原鼠兔攻击行为模式及其影响因素

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	高原鼠兔攻击行为模式及其影响因素
	陈千权
学位类型	硕士
导师	张堰铭
	2010-05
学位授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
学位授予地点	北京
学位专业	动物学
关键词	高原鼠兔繁殖熟悉程度体重年龄攻击行为博弈论
摘要	根据博弈论，即个体应当权衡攻击行为的代价和获得某资源的利益而调整行为，具体而言，当获胜带来潜在利益较大时，种群中个体的攻击行为强度大；反之，种群中个体攻击行为强度小。为验证该假说，本研究于2009年5月至8月在青海省果洛州大武镇东南侧17Km处，采用中立竞技场测定高原鼠兔自然种群的攻击行为模式，并探讨繁殖状态、个体之间熟悉程度、体重和年龄对其的影响。进而为揭示该物种配偶竞争和社群行为进化机制提供必要的基础数据。主要研究结果和结论如下： 1）5月下旬至6月上旬，种群中鹰对策者比例为80.0％（雄性）和75.0％（雌性）；7月上旬至8月中旬为55.0％（雄性）和42.9％（雌性）；种群中鹰对策者所占比例随繁殖期的逐步结束而下降； 2）雄性高原鼠兔之间的攻击行为频次和持续时间分别随时间呈y = 1.90168 – 0.01533x和y = 3.28353 – 0.02596x下降，但不同时期之间的攻击行为频次和持续时间差异不显著；雌性高原鼠兔之间的攻击行为频次和持续时间无显著直线下降且各时期之间其差异亦不显著； 3）雌性高原鼠兔攻击行为频次和持续时间与熟悉程度呈显著负相关（F = 6.14，DF = 1，P = 0.0233，频次；F = 6.75，DF = 1，P = 0.0182，持续时间）；而雄性之间的攻击行为频次和持续时间与熟悉程度无显著相关性。 4）体重对攻击行为强度、殴斗的胜负、进攻的发起等的影响都不显著； 5）参与繁殖的雄性成体中1龄占81.48％，2龄占16.67％，3龄占1.85％，2龄个体在与1龄个体的殴斗中获胜次数显著高于失败次数。
其他摘要	Maynard smith(1976) predicted in game theory that individuals should be more aggressive when the potential benefits of winning are high and less aggressive when potential benefits are low. The experiments of neutral arena to quantify the aggressiveness of plateau pikas was carried out in Da Wu town, Guo Luo, Qing Hai province from May to August 2009 to test this hypothesis, meanwhile exploring the influence of familiarity, body mass, age on aggressiveness, and explaining the competition for mates and evolutionary mechanism of behavior. The major results and conclusions are as follows: With degradation of testis, the proportion of hawk in population decrease from 80.0﹪(male) and 75.0﹪(female) in late May to early June to 55.0﹪(male) and 42.9﹪(female) in early July to middle August. In the same period, the frequency and duration of aggressiveness between males pikas decrease with days as: y = 1.90168 – 0.01533x and y = 3.28353 – 0.02596x, however, there is on significant difference among different periods; the frequency and duration of aggressiveness between female pikas do not decrease with days significantly. There are negative correlations between frequency, duration of aggressiveness and familiarity among female plateau pikas (F = 6.14, DF = 1, P = 0.0233, frequency; F = 6.75, DF = 1, P = 0.0182, duration), however, there are on significant correlations in male plateau pikas. There are no significant effects of body mass on the intensity of aggressiveness, outcome of contest and initial of attack. One-year old, two-year old and three-year old male plateau pikas account for 81.48﹪, 16.67﹪ and 1.85﹪in reproductive group, respectively. Two-year old pikas win more than lose in contest with one-year old pikas.
学科领域	动物学
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://210.75.249.4/handle/363003/3390
专题	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	陈千权. 高原鼠兔攻击行为模式及其影响因素[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院,2010.

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