青海优质、抗条锈病春小麦综合标记辅助育种研究

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	青海优质、抗条锈病春小麦综合标记辅助育种研究
其他题名	Integrated Marker-assisted Selection on High-quality and Stripe Rust-resistant Spring Wheat in Qinghai
	刘永安
学位类型	硕士
导师	陈志国
	2008-06-04
学位授予单位	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
学位授予地点	西北高原生物研究所
关键词	糯性小麦 Waxy蛋白分子标记 Sds-page 直连淀粉高分子量谷蛋白亚基 5+10亚基条锈病 Yr5基因 Yr10基因 Yr15基因
摘要	为选育优质、抗条锈病春小麦新品系，以青海主要栽培品种（阿勃、高原602和青春533）为受体亲本或轮回亲本，以糯麦1号（糯性小麦）、宁春4号（带5+10亚基）和SBR231（带Yr5基因）、SBR236（带Yr10基因）和SBR237（带Yr15基因）为供体亲本，采用分子标记、生化标记、形态标记等方法，结合其农艺性状，对杂交后代进行鉴定，得到以下结果：（1）将全糯小麦品种糯麦1号与青海主要栽培品种阿勃杂交，综合利用改良碘染色法、SDS-PAGE法和Waxy基因的分子标记等，对杂交后代进行了鉴定筛选。最终从F2代鉴定出了5粒全糯种子，从F3代鉴定出8株Wx-B1亚基缺失的植株。对全糯株系F3代的农艺性状进行评价，5个全糯株系的综合农艺性状都优于糯麦1号，与阿勃较接近。测定全糯株系和Wx-B1亚基缺失植株F4代种子的直链淀粉含量，5个全糯株系F4代种子的直链淀粉含量接近于0，8个Wx-B1亚基缺失植株F4代种子的直链淀粉含量在总体上比阿勃的直链淀粉含量低。（2）以青海省春小麦主栽品种青春533和高原602为轮回亲本，以具有1Dx5+1Dy10基因且综合性状良好的宁春4号为非轮回亲本，利用与1Dx5基因共分离的PCR分子标记对BC1F1、BC2F1和BC3F1的植株进行目标基因的检测；将筛选到的具有1Dx5基因的BC3F1植株进行自交，获得了BC3F2种子；利用SDS-PAGE电泳对BC3F2种子进行HMW-GS分析，分别从青春533×宁春4号和高原602×宁春4号的BC3F2中筛选出5粒和2粒具有纯合5+10亚基的种子，且中选植株的农艺性状基本接近轮回亲本。（3）确立了适合青海春小麦育种的Yr5和Yr15基因的分子标记体系，以及Yr10基因的形态标记。并通过分子标记鉴定出1株带Yr5基因的青春533×SBR231 BC1F2植株，通过形态标记鉴定出2株带Yr10基因的阿勃×SBR236 BC1F2代植株。本研究表明，采用综合标记辅助选择可快速而准确地得到适合在青海栽培的优质、抗条锈病春小麦新品系或中间材料。
其他摘要	In order to develope good-quality and stripe rust-resistant spring wheat lines, the cultivars (Abbondanza, plateau 602 and Qingchun 533) which were popularized in Qinghai have been used as receptor or recurrent parents, Nuomai 1（waxy wheat）, Ningchun 4(carries 5+10 subunits), SBR231(carries Yr5 gene), SBR236(carries Yr10 gene) and SBR237(carries Yr15 gene) have been used as donor parents. The progenies were identified and screened by using molecular markers, biochemical markers and morphological markers, and so on, combined with their agronomic traits. The results showed as follows: Firstly, cross was made between waxy wheat cultivar NuoMai 1 and spring wheat cultivar Abbondanza which is popularized in Qinghai region. The progenies were identified and screened with improved Iodine dyeing method, SDS-PAGE and Waxy gene molecular marker. The results showed that 5 waxy kernels among F2 and 8 plants with null Wx-B1 among F3 were identified. Evaluation of the agronomic traits of the 5 waxy lines in F3 showed that the comprehensive agronomic traits of them were better than that of waxy wheat NuoMai 1, but were similar to that of Abbondanza. Amylose content of target lines and plants in F4 were determined. The results showed that the amylose content of the 8 plants with null Wx-B1 were lower than Abbondanza on the whole, the amylose content of the 5 waxy lines were almost zero. Secondly, Qingchun533 and Plateau 602 which were main cultivars in Qinghai province have been used as recurrent parents, Ningchun 4 which comprehensive agronomic traits were excellent has been used as 1Dx5+1Dy10 gene donor. Target genes were screened and selected in BC1F1; BC2F1; BC3F1 by using a PCR molecular marker co-segregated with 1Dx5 gene. The selected BC3F1 which carried 1Dx5 gene were self cross to produce BC3F2, SDS-PAGE analysis was carried out to these BC3F2, 5 plants from progeny of (Qingchun533×Ningchun 4) and 2 plants from progeny of (Plateau 602×Ningchun 4) which contained homozygous 5+10 subunits were acquired, respectively, and the agronomic traits of these selected plants were similar to recurrent parents on the whole. Thirdly, the molecular markers system of Yr5 gene and Yr15 gene, and the morphological marker of Yr10 gene suitable for Qinghai spring wheat breeding were established. One plant from Qingchun 533×SBR231 BC1F2 which carry Yr5 gene was identified by using the molecular marker of Yr5 gene, two plants from Abbondanza×SBR236 BC1F2 which carry Yr10 gene was identified with the morphological marker of Yr10 gene. The results showed that we could develope high-quality and stripe rust-resistant spring wheat lines or hybrid offspring which suit to be planted and cultivated in Qinghai quickly and accurately by using integrated marker-assisted selection.
页数	84
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://210.75.249.4/handle/363003/3176
专题	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	刘永安. 青海优质、抗条锈病春小麦综合标记辅助育种研究[D]. 西北高原生物研究所. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,2008.

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